Bees have an impressive ability to survive in harsh weather conditions. One of the most challenging conditions for bees is cold weather, especially temperatures below zero. I wanted to share with you on how colonies and bees survive below zero temperatures we are currently experiencing.
Bees are able to survive in cold temperatures due to their unique biology and behaviour. Their bodies are covered in dense fur-like hair called pile, which helps to insulate them from the cold. They also have the ability to generate heat by vibrating their wing muscles, a behaviour known as "shivering." This generates heat within the colony, helping to keep the bees warm.
One of the most important ways that bees survive in cold temperatures is actually through the behaviour of the colony. In the Autumn, bees prepare for winter by collecting and storing food in the form of honey. They also create a tight cluster around the queen bee, which helps to conserve heat within the colony. The bees on the outside of the cluster will take turns moving to the inside, allowing all the bees to stay warm.
The colony also regulates the temperature within the hive by controlling the amount of air that enters and exits. In the winter, the bees will close the entrance to the hive, reducing the amount of cold air that can enter. They also create a barrier of propolis, a sticky substance produced by the bees, to seal any cracks or gaps in the hive.
Another important factor in how bees survive in cold temperatures is their ability to control the humidity within the hive. High humidity can cause condensation, which can lead to mould and other problems. The bees control humidity by fanning their wings, which helps to circulate air within the hive and prevents the build-up of moisture.
Bees also have a remarkable ability to adapt to their environment. Some bees have been found to have a genetic variation that allows them to produce more heat than normal bees, giving them an advantage in surviving in colder climates. Additionally, some honeybee subspecies are better adapted to cold temperatures than others. For example, the honeybee subspecies Apis Mellifera Mellifera is known for its ability to survive in colder climates than other subspecies.
Bees also have the ability to sense changes in the weather and will prepare for the colder temperatures accordingly. For example, in the Autumn, bees will start to prepare for winter by collecting and storing more food, increasing the size of the cluster, and closing the entrance to the hive.
As beekeepers, it is important to understand these behaviours and to provide the necessary support to our colonies to help them survive the winter.
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